Building Management System (BMS) or Building Automation System (BAS) is a computer-based network system that monitors, regulates, and maintains building equipment and systems such as electrical lighting, HVAC, Access Control, Security Systems, and other related systems.
BAS is an example of a Distributed Control system (DCS) since it is an intelligent system that includes both hardware and software.
Building automation systems (BAS) is a group of tools used by building operations staff to give more effective and efficient control over all building systems.
Basic Components in Building Automation System
Building automation systems consist of 5 components. They are
Sensors
Controllers
Output Devices
Communication Protocol
Terminal interface
In this article, We are discussing how these components interact and communicate with each other.
1. Sensors
A sensor is a device, module, or machine that helps to keep track of environmental changes such as humidity, temperature, lighting levels, smoke in the rooms, and other parameters like people count. After gathering this information, sensors transmit them to other electronics, usually to controllers.
2. Controllers
The brain of the building automation system ((BAS) is the controller. They collect all of the data from the sensors and transmit commands to all connected systems, such as HVAC systems, lighting systems, and more, based on that data.
3. Output devices
When a command is sent out by the controller, the relays and actuators in the individual systems respond by following the new instructions, if necessary, or requirements.
4. Communication protocols
Each component of a building automation system is connected using a specific language. BACnet and Modus protocols help each component to transmit and receive data in order to alter settings and execute commands change parameters and run commands
5. Terminal interface
Building and facility operators can access the BAS using a user interface or terminal. This terminal assists users in understanding the information exchanged between each component and provides the ability to make manual adjustments.
The displays are visual with photo-realistic graphics.
Major types of Building Management systems
Major types of Building Management systems are listed below
Access control system
CCTV
HVAC
Lighting Control system
Access Control System
It is electronic safety equipment used to control access to a particular location. The term “access” can relate to both entering and using something. The term authorization refers to the ability to gain access to a resource.
Architecture of Access Control System
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Components of an Access Control System
The kind and complexity of access control systems vary widely. However, the majority of card access control systems have fundamental components:
Access Cards
Card Readers
Access Control Keypads
Electric Lock Hardware
Access Control Field Panels
Access Control Server Computer
Access Cards
The access card is used to control the access or permission to premises or buildings which is secured by the access control system. Most of the access cards are small in size which helps us to carry in our wallet or purse just like any other debit/credit card. Each and every access card is encoded uniquely, so we can control the limitation individually.
